Other Statutes.

The civil-law regime for cross-border transactions — current and capital account, ODI, FDI, ECB, LRS and ESOP routings. Read with the FEM (Various Transactions) Regulations and RBI Master Directions.

Criminalises the laundering of proceeds of crime, and imposes KYC, record-keeping and STR/CTR reporting on banks, NBFCs, payment systems and now reporting entities including CA firms in defined scenarios.

Establishes the Reserve Bank, defines the monetary policy framework, and regulates NBFCs under Chapter III-B. Read alongside the Master Directions on NBFC classification and prudential norms.

Governs banking companies, co-operative banks and PSBs — capital adequacy, licensing, branch authorisation, mergers and resolution. Updated by the 2020 amendment to bring co-operative banks under RBI.

Governs promissory notes, bills of exchange and cheques — and, through Section 138, the criminalisation of cheque dishonour. A working tool in commercial dispute practice.

Levies stamp duty on instruments. Amended by the Finance Act, 2019 to bring securities-related stamping into a centralised, exchange-collected regime effective 01 Jul 2020.

Substantially re-enacted by the 2016 amendment — provides for confiscation of benami property and prosecution of benamidars, beneficial owners and abettors. Adjudication before the Adjudicating Authority, appeal to the Appellate Tribunal.

A parallel charging code for undisclosed foreign income and assets of Indian residents — 30% flat tax plus 90% penalty, and criminal prosecution under Sections 50-53.

Establishes the citizen's right to seek information from public authorities — a working tool in pursuing pending refunds, assessment records and registry filings.